Researchers identify potential Zika Virus target

Healthy people are protected by antiviral factors of our innate immune system. Investigators have now shown that reducing levels of one antiviral factor called interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) makes cultured cells highly sensitive to Zika virus infection.

The team found that IFITM3 normally stops multiplication of the virus in human cells at an early step, preventing the infected cells from “implosive” cell death. Therefore, drugs that block this cell death pathway might be helpful for preventing the effects of Zika virus infection during pregnancy.

“We describe a striking succession of events that may lead to the death of cells infected with Zika virus. Hopefully, the cells are equipped with antiviral gatekeepers that allow the host to control the infection,” said Dr Olivier Schwartz, senior author of the study.

In human cells, Zika virus (ZIKV) replication occurs in ER‐derived membranes and triggers the formation of large ER‐derived vacuoles leading to “implosive” paraptosis‐like cell death.

• IFITM3 prevents early stages of ZIKV life cycle.
• ZIKV induces massive ER‐dependent cytoplasmic vacuolization in human epithelial cells, primary human fibroblasts and human astrocytes.
• ZIKV induces paraptosis‐like, caspase‐independent cell death.
• ZIKV‐induced vacuoles are dependent on viral translocation into ER through Sec61 and on PI3K/Akt signaling.